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| Others: A Magazine of the New Verse ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Others: A Magazine of the New Verse
''Others: A Magazine of the New Verse'' was founded by Alfred Kreymborg in July, 1915 with financing from Walter Conrad Arensberg. The magazine ran until July, 1919. It published poetry and other writing, as well as visual art. While the magazine never had more than 300 subscribers, it helped launch the careers of several important American, modernist poets. Contributors included: William Carlos Williams, Wallace Stevens, Marianne Moore, Mina Loy, Ezra Pound, Conrad Aiken, Carl Sandburg, T. S. Eliot, Amy Lowell, H.D., Djuna Barnes, Man Ray, Skipwith Cannell, Lola Ridge, Marcel Duchamp, and Fenton Johnson (poet) (the only African American published in the magazine).
Each copy of the magazine was sold for 20 cents.〔 The purpose of ''Others'' was to create a space for unity among individuals who otherwise differ from the norms of society.〔 Its motto proclaimed, “The old expressions are with us always, and there are always others”.〔 ''Others'' was a site of free thinking and the disruption of standard sexual behaviours, where poets emerge together in the categories of “queerness.” It was also a space to proclaim a strong affiliation with the local community of the Lower East Side in New York that was identified with the mixed population of an excluded group of immigrants, such as Jews. ''Others’'' poets wanted to show a positive image of Jewish immigration. This population can be seen as a representation of social and intellectual progressivism, and the experimentation of the “new”,〔 instead of the stereotyped figure of the self-deprecating Jew; that was profoundly perpetuated by Euromodernism or poets from ''Little Review''. Suzanne Churchill describes it as “a house for the most innovative free verse, and representative of new literature found dangerous and offensive”.〔 It was considered ‘dangerous’ because critics of modernism viewed the intrusion of foreignness as a contamination to the traditional style of literature, while ''Others’'' poets saw it as an innovation. Subsequently the transformation of the American demographics simultaneously created a change in modern literature, which celebrated the merge with other cultures, or in other words the melting pot.
==Before ''Others''==
Alfred Stieglitz was a photographer known for his internationally renowned art gallery known as “291.” He later produced a magazine with the same name along with several other poets and photographers who shared an objective to publish and share original artwork by new artists. Alfred Kreymborg was astonished by Stieglitz’s creations and was enthralled by the idea that experimental artists and photographers could gather together to exchange ideas and earn praise for art that might have been ridiculed elsewhere.〔 Under the influence of Stieglitz, Kreymborg decided to create a space exclusively for literary artists, “a space that defines the identities of its inhabitants, enabling artistic men to ‘find themselves’ and to find others like them”.〔 For that reason, Kreymborg found his first experimental magazine called ''The Glebe'' which means “a field or a piece of cultivated land.” 〔 He hoped for it to be an open field for new artists who did not have the opportunity, or confidence to share their respectable work.〔
''The Glebe'' was financially supported by Albert and Charles Boni but eventually Kreymborg and the Bonis had differing opinions on the type of work that should be displayed in the magazine. Kreymborg remained loyal to his desires for experimenting. He favoured works by Americans, where as the Bonis preferred European art.〔 In the end, Kreymborg resigned as editor from ''The Glebe'' and slowly the magazine collapsed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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